KMID : 1240020170210020102
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International Neurourology Journal 2017 Volume.21 No. 2 p.102 ~ p.108
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Effects of Acute Sacral Neuromodulation at Different Frequencies on Bladder Overactivity in Pigs
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Li Xing
Liao Li Min Chen Guo Qing Wang Zhao Xia Deng Han
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Abstract
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Purpose: We investigated the effects of different stimulation frequencies on the inhibition of bladder overactivity by sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in pigs.
Methods: Implant-driven stimulators were used to stimulate the S3 spinal nerve in 13 pigs. Cystometry was performed by infusing normal saline (NS) or acetic acid (AA). SNM (pulse width, 210 ¥ìsec) at frequencies ranging from 5 to 50 Hz was conducted at the intensity threshold at which observable perianal and/or tail movement was induced. Multiple cystometrograms were performed to determine the effects of different frequencies on the micturition reflex.
Results: AA-induced bladder overactivity significantly reduced the bladder capacity (BC) to 34.4%¡¾4.7% of the NS control level (354.4¡¾35.9 mL) (P<0.05). During AA infusion, SNM at 5 Hz did not significantly change the BC (48.1%¡¾6.9% of the NS control level) (P>0.05), but SNM at 15, 30, and 50 Hz significantly increased the BC to 54.5%¡¾7.1%, 55.2%¡¾6.5%, and 57.2%¡¾6.1% of the NS control level (P<0.05), respectively. No significant differences were found among the results obtained using frequencies of 15, 30, and 50 Hz (P>0.05).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 15 Hz was an appropriate frequency for SNM and that frequencies higher than 15 Hz did not lead to better surgical outcomes.
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KEYWORD
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Frequency, Neuromodulation, Urinary Bladder, Overactive, Sacral Nerve Stimulation
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